Figure: Disk hernia a compression of the Rueckenmarks by the Hernie b pressure on Spinal nerves

Disk hernia. It causes among other things, strong back pain, sometimes because of the back sliding of the Nucleus pulpous, a part of the inter vertebral disk, with compression of the spinal cord or the Spinal nerves. Accidents can be responsible for the damage of the cartilage disk. The diagnostic is done clinically by computer tomography or radiation after filling the epidurals with means like (Myelographie). If conservative measures fail, it is not always necessary to use an operational treatment.
Spinal column tumors. The symptoms with spinal column tumors are similar to those with vertebral fracture, only they develop slowly. Strong pain in the Spinal nerves at the level of the tumor. The diagnostic is done by CT and Myelography.
Treatment: Operation, Laminektomie, and the elimination of the tumor.

Spina bifida. The vertebral arch did not close in the course of the development, the Meningen and the spinal cord curve forwards, a Meningocele or a Myelocele develop. An operational treatment is often used.